"Blindness, and removal of the spleen, or a section of the bowel as a result of abdominal injuries, accounted for most of this disability."Some 300 (15."We find that these projectiles have caused significant morbidity (injury) and mortality during the past 27 years," the study authors wrote.A team of US-based researchers looked at 26 scientific reports published on injury, disability and death caused by rubber bullets between 1990 and 2017 in Israel and the Palestinian territories, the United States, India, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Nepal.TEAR GASThe new study sought to count the toll."

The team pointed out that other crowd-control weapons such as tear gas, water cannons, acoustic weapons and electric tasers, have also caused "significant injury" over the years.About three in every 100 people injured by rubber bullets died as a result, according to a review of recorded casualties published Tuesday, calling for alternative crowd control measures.They are meant to stun rather than kill people as a means of riot and crowd control, but have left a long line of victims in their trail.But it did imply that "appropriate use of force and alternatives to weapons must be considered in all contexts," the researchers concluded, and appealed for the urgent creation of "international guidelines" on the use of crowd-control weapons."This discussion does not in any way suggest that other weapons are safer," they wrote in the online journal BMJ Open."Also known as kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) or rubber baton rounds, rubber or plastic bullets were introduced by the British Rubber gasket Suppliers army in the 1970s for use against rioters in Northern Ireland, deployed against South African protesters in the 1980s, and adopted by the security forces of Israel and further afield."

Given their inherent inaccuracy, potential for misuse and associated health consequences of severe injury and death, KIPs do not appear to be appropriate weapons for use in crowd-control settings.DISABILITYA total of 1984 people were injured, they found, of whom 53 (three percent) died..5 percent) of all survivors were left with permanent disability as a direct result of the rubber bullet impact they sustained — usually to the head and neck," the team said in statement

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